»	Landmarks in the History of Science » Geoscience » 1st Edition, 1884, Die Wärmezonen der Erde / The Thermal Zones of the Earth [The Köppen Climate Classification]

1st Edition, 1884, Die Warmerzonen der Erde / The Thermal Zones of the Earth [The Koppen Classification System]

1st Edition, 1884, Die Wärmezonen der Erde / The Thermal Zones of the Earth [The Köppen Climate Classification]

Autor: Wladimir Köppen

Cod: 6516
In stoc: Nu

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Detalii produs 1st Edition, scarce, of this highly influential paper: (Köppen, 1884a).

''Köppen developed over decades of work his famous climate classification,
which is based on the distribution of plants. The classical paper of Köppen
(1884a) on 'The thermal zones of the Earth according to the duration of hot,
moderate and cold periods and of the impact of heat on the organic world'
published in the first volume of Meteorologische Zeitschrift, is considered
today as an early forerunner of the most widely used Köppen-Geiger climate
classification.

In this article Köppen adopted the 10°C and 20°C thresholds, but expanded
the concept to the duration of the temperature during the annual cycle. He
defined 5 thermal zones as main climates. These are the tropical zone (all
months warm), subtropical zones (4-11 warm months, 1-8 moderate months),
moderately temperated zones (1-4 moderate months, other months cold) and
polar zones (all months cold). Warm months were defined by a mean
temperature of T> 20°C, moderate months by T=10-20°C and cold months by
T<10°C. Additionally Köppen subdivided the moderate temperated zones in
zones with warm summer, zones with constant temperature and zones with
cold winter. With these altogether seven thermal zones Köppen laid the
foundation for his well-established climate classification.

In succession Köppen perfected his climate classification (Köppen, 1918),
whereas he focused particularly on the relationship between tree line and
temperature (Köppen, 1919). In Köppen (1936) he presented the last version
of his climate classification, which was published after his death by Rudolf
Geiger (1894-1981) in a final version (Geiger, 1954, 1961).''

Franz Rubel and Markus Kottek, Comments on ''The Thermal Zones of the
Earth'' by Wladimir Köppen (1884) in: Meteorologische Zeitschrift, Vol. 20, No.
3, 361-365 (June 2011), MetZet Classic Pappers, Gebruder Borntraeger, 2011.

The Köppen classification, universally used today, a very important milestone
in climatology, is based on the logic of the natural evidence: ''that native
vegetation is the best expression of the climate. Thus, climate zone boundaries
have been selected with vegetation distribution in mind. It combines average
annual and monthly temperatures and precipitation, and the seasonality of
precipitation.'' ( World Heritage Encyclopedia)

''Die Wärmezonen der Erde...'' / ''The Thermal Zones of the Earth...'' in:
Meteorologische Zeitschrift, 1, Erster Jahrgang, 1884, pp. 215-226, [1]
colored map (28x54cm), 1st Edition, Berlin, Verlag Von Asher & Co.
4to (18x28cm); p. viii, 480, 5 maps : diagrs, tables and figs.; ex-libr. copy
Hardback, leather-bound in half, minor scratches, clean text.
Near fine condition.

Price: $ 0.00

The codes 6515 and 6516 represent the same item.