The Origin of Mountains by Cliff Ollier & Colin Pain, that is, Expanding Earth (EE) + erosion.
''Dare you challenge ideas of how mountains are made?
The Origin of Mountains is ground breaking. The highly illustrated book describes mountains from all over the world, emphasising their landforms, their rocks, and their structure and age. This leads to a deduction on the mechanism that formed them, causing the authors to reject the preconceived well-known hypothesis that plate tectonics and folding creates mountains.
The Origin of Mountains approaches mountains from facts about mountain landscape rather than from theory. It uses old and recent references, as well as field evidence. It shows that mountains are not made directly by folding, but result from vertical uplift of plains (planation surfaces) to form plateaus, which may later be eroded into rugged mountains. It also assembles the evidence that this uplift occurred in the last few million years, a time scale which does not fit the plate tectonic theory.’’
The Origin of Mountains, 2000
''An interesting, if highly controversial, spin-off from the expanding Earth hypothesis [which actually, is rather a conclusion], is the explanation of mountain building offered by Cliff Ollier and Colin Pain (2000). In his characteristically iconoclastic style, Ollier writes that 'Most explanations of the origin of mountains in current textbooks are naive, simplistic and wrong' (Ollier 2003b, 129). In collaboration with Colin Pain, he promulgates this decidedly contentious view with gusto (Ollier and Pain 2000). The following crucial points summarize their view of mountain building:
1 Mountains are topographical, rather than geological, features. They are regions of high land, either plateaux or plateaux eroded by rivers or glaciers.
2 Plateaux form when low-lying erosional plains suffer vertical uplift. The uplift that created plateaux occurred in the last few million years (the 'Neotectonic Period').
3 Rock structures on which plains, plateaux, and mountains sit may have no causal link with the plains, plateaux, and mountains themselves. Geologists traditionally feel that explaining the structures found in mountains explains the origin of the mountains themselves. Ollier and Pain reject this view because there is no single structure under mountains.
4 Some rock structures, notably monoclines and vertical faults, may be associated with uplift.
5 Fold mountains, in the sense of mountains built by some force that produces mountains and folds rocks at the same time, do not exist. Geologists claim that the compressional forces responsible for folding rocks also produced the mountains in which the folds lie. Ollier and Pain are adamant that mountains have nothing to do with the folding of rocks or with the compression of the Earth's crust.
6 A plateau may spread laterally after uplift, which produces thrust faults and post-uplift folds.
7 Isostatic response following the deep incision of plateaux may lead to the production of new structures, including anticlines along major valleys and even major mountain ranges.
8 Major drainage patterns exist on the same time-scale as global tectonics and they commonly pre-date the formation of rift valleys, mountain ranges, and continental margins.
9 Theories of mountain building need to account for (1) a period of tectonic quiet that allowed the erosion of a planation surface, and (2) the usually young and rapid uplift that produced a plateau.
10 Plate subduction, if it occurs at all, is a continuous and long-lived process that fails to explain tectonic quiet, the erosion of planation surfaces, and the young age and rapid uplift of most mountains.
These 10 points prompt Ollier (2003b, 157) to conclude that some deep-seated force is needed 'to produce vertical uplift in the past few million years, and it must be a discontinuous force that did not operate at all over a previous period long enough to create wide erosion surfaces'. He argues that such a force is difficult to conjure on steady-state Earth, whereas with an expanding Earth, all that is required is for some parts to expand more rapidly than other, and that expansion varies through time.
Interestingly, Earth expansion would obviate the need for large-scale subduction.’'
Wesson, P. S. (2003). Geophysical Consequences of Modern Cosmologies, in Scalera, G.
and Jacob, K.-H. (eds.), Why Expanding Earth?, Rome, pp. 411-416
The Origin of Mountains by Cliff Ollier and Colin Pain, Routledge, London and New York, 1st Edition, 2000; inscribed and signed by Cliff Ollier; p. 364, soft covers, fine condition (as new).
See also a brilliant synthesis (2019) by Ollier and Pain: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/336797489_NEOTEKTONICESKOE_PODNATIE_GOR_I_GEOMORFOLOGIA_NEOTECTONIC_MOUNTAIN_UPLIFT_AND_GEOMORPHOLOGY
Price: USD 2,000,000.00